This article explains the concept of Social Network Analysis, also known as SNA, and uses it to research and analyze the complex network of the music industry. Social Network Analysis is the mapping and measuring of relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, and other entities. The article relies on Social Network Analysis to understand the complicated system of the music industry because it provides both a visual and a mathematical analysis of human relationships and suggests new methods for coping with evolving technologies as well as the evolving complexity of a dynamic competitive landscape. You can learn more about Social Network Analysis at http://www.orgnet.com/sna.html.
Ruben Saenz
I enjoyed my time with this article which explains the history of the analysis of the musical supply chain. It gives us a perspective about the social relationships the SNA (social networking analysis) uses for example, like the “property right theory.” The property right theory focuses on the different roles of assets that allocate the rights of control to emphasize the cost and benefits of the investment incentives. My favorite part of the article was the “What if” scenario if record companies suddenly disappeared. In the end, it talks about how if the majors were to disappear the whole supply chain of the industry would be pretty much impacted by all the financial issues that would occur. This would create more work for the artist and their lawyers involved to keep revenue coming but, all the promotion, distribution, and music publishing companies would end up being in a recession.
Here is a site/video that helps you learn a little bit more about the SNA (Social Network Analhsis) https://youtu.be/xT3EpF2EsbQ (VIDEO)
This article is about the history and the transformation of the supply chain of the music industry. Within this chain there are different aspects and a thing to know about a chain is that it isn’t straight forward. There are different loops and circles showing how everything is connected and if one thing was to be taken out there is a way for the chain to still function and develop.One part of the chain is the aspect of recorded music. I think what is important to state is that each part of the chain has a chain within itself. The recorded music part shows hows music is produced, then distributed, then how sales affect the product. Even within those few things about the recorded music there are chains.
Here is a link about the recorded music chain: https://businessofclassicalmusic.blogspot.com/2008/12/thoughts-on-supply-chain-for-recorded.html
Lynn Nguyen
The article explains the history of the music supply chain. In these chain’s there are different strategies that are somewhat prolix. Upon that, SNA or known as Social Network Analysis, is the flow between the chains of people, organizations and etc. SNA focuses on the interruptions between the relationships made between the two parties.
Here is a link to know more about SNA: https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/35208_Chapter1.pdf
Devin A. Saucedo-Rivera
My favorite section read within this article was about how iTunes is depicted as a threat to the Big Three record labels. It is depicted this way due to the fact that, nowadays, anyone can create their own music through applications such as Garageband and upload their music independently on iTunes or Apple Music to be streamed or purchased. This option seems more viable for artists rather than having to sign to a record label, however, this is not exclusive to Apple as Spotify is another site where independent artists can upload their music. Here is a video that explains how independent artists are using these sites and are receiving positive results as well as share their own experiences. https://youtu.be/xu64slEGT4s
Kayla Burford
This article explains the history of musics supply chain and it was very interesting to read this perspective. From the outside we see these record labels as so massive, it is hard to imagine they would change anything. But the evolution of this system and our ever-changing technology keeps making it easier to increase ways of connections for artist. Now record labels have to adapt to these changes and almost mold to the artist because a lot of musicians like the idea of being independent and with new outlets like iTunes or Spotify it only makes the it more appealing. This article showed how in the past the revenue of music relied heavily on live performances and I found that interesting because in this generation it seems like music technology/ streaming sites makes music such an online concept. By this I mean Apple Music, Spotify and Soundcloud seem to be where a lot of fans go or artist gain support rather than doing this from a live show. This article talks about how artist can market themselves digitally as an independent. https://trendjackers.com/how-social-media-has-affected-the-music-industry/
An interesting focus on this reading was the fact that the emergence of iTunes and Live Nation completely changed the way music business has been conducted. These major companies were used to a consistent pattern on how to work with artists (and win most of the profit) have been adjusting to a mostly online world. Because companies like Live Nation and iTunes completely changed the game, I decided to do a little bit more reading on the start of iTunes. I found a press release from 2003 that announced the launch of iTunes. Steve jobs lets the audience know there are rights to burn an unlimited number of CDs for personal use, listen on iPods, the Macintosh computer, and the Mac at just 99 cents a song with no subscription fees. Steve Job says “Consumers don’t want to be treated like criminals and artists don’t want their valuable work to be stolen. The iTunes Music Store offers a groundbreaking solution for both.” I remember when iTunes first became popular and how much I looked forward to spending my allowance on some new songs. I love the way we’ve seen iTunes transform into so much more ever the years and it’s exciting to see something so different from the traditional way of artists becoming known.
Kemi Babalola
This article was a lot to digest, but somehow very interesting. What stood out to me the most was scenario 1, and how we see an emergence of new artist being independent or fighting to be independent. I think now people are more open to the challenges of not having the backing of a label, because of various reason, but the main reason being money and artistic freedom. I found an article that breaks down the more societal perspective of why we see this scenario beginning to play out in reality. https://www.forbes.com/sites/melissamdaniels/2019/07/10/for-independent-musicians-goingyour-own-way-is-finally-starting-to-pay-off/#9d7c15f14f26
Victoria Gonzalez
The Historical Changes in the Music Industry Supply Chain article was a fascinating read. It shows the facts about the evolution of the musical supply chain. It also expands on SNA (social network analysis). I got a lot out of the Network Density section. Unless the network size is large, network density is not of any use. You should look at the degree of the vertex. I also appreciated reading how much Itunes is worth. Of course Itunes is owned by apple, therefore they own the highest demanded technology. Itunes has HUGE worth.
One thing that stuck out to me about this article was the social networking. As an eager producer and song writer, I know how important social networking is and the way it is analyzed in the article is more than useful.
Wow this reading gave me a lot to think about, but I’d like to focus here on the role of iTunes as it threatens the current business model of the “majors”. Personally, I didn’t know much about iTunes collaboration with Live Nation before looking further into it for this assignment. According to Apple Insider, the companies have teamed up on a new live music program that will allow users to experience exclusive recordings from live venues of their favorite artist shows. By aligning themselves with Live Nation and sister company, Ticketmaster, Apple is making strides toward becoming another ‘mammoth conglomerate’ missing only a publishing source.
I have seen many articles regarding this topic and agree that Apple and Live Nation is taking over the music industry. I wondered if Spotify was the same and figured out that they took an aggregate approach to match sales. I think if we considered this as well, we won’t generalize streaming too much. https://www.cnbc.com/2015/11/04/does-spotify-hurt-the-music-industry.html
This article is very informative on the SNA ( social network analysis). This show charts of artist and record label and so much more and how everything connects. It shows how relationship are from person A to person B through the arrows and it is like a flow chart. But if i am correct this chart is 2012 so at this time this chart would changing by significantly because now today artist can go straight to many route that they weren’t able to.
website : https://adage.com/article/agencies/2018-music-business/311771
Darius McClain
The Venetian merchants pioneered the music industry business but licensing sheet music to be printed and sold at other shops. In this volume it should the supply chain of music becoming more fluid as it moves from traditional to an online model. The artist and consumer are becoming closer in the supply chain where with the online model the artist can bypass steps that weren’t otherwise possible in the traditional model.
I knew to some extant that the big three was real but I never knew how much power they had on the industry. This reading was breath taking to say the least, it was a lot of material to take in but it help bring things full circle. It is also crazy to think that such big companies were somewhat intimidated by the new wave of social media. these companies bought the music scene for whole countries, and even some genres. That is what I found breath taking and wanted to find a way to control the social media scene if they just understood it better.
Here is a link that shows just a quick view of what sublabels and artist Warner bros own. https://www.discogs.com/label/1000-Warner-Bros-Records
Sydnie Gudson
This article provided a very in depth insight of the interactions in the industry and an extremely detailed perspective on SNAs. One detail that stood out to me was the sheer impact that record companies have on the industry. Although this fact may seem extremely obvious, I never fully realized the severity of the situation. This is obvious when discussing the development of labels, and how they had to shift to fit with the growing technological advancements, and how they are reacting to a more digitally favored audience. I wanted to look more into the interaction between advancing technology and the Music industry, here is a good read: https://medium.com/@estabnau/technologys-disruption-of-record-labels-and-the-market-for-recorded-music-a5c0eb0cfeff
Emily Krupa
This article provided an abundance of information but the part I found most interesting was the breakdown of the social network analysis method. Staying up to date with evolving technologies is not an easy task, but through analyzing ties among people, groups, and organizations, this helps us to understand attitudes and behaviors of the way of the modern social relations.
Here is a short video further explaining social network analysis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xT3EpF2EsbQ
Mariah Almeida
The social network analysis method really does help us understand what is going on through the connections. The video you have included really broke everything down and helped me understand them more!
Orlando Rodriguez
Before this article, I did not know anything about SNA’s. Reading this, I now know what exactly has changed through the industry and the changes record labels had to adapt to. This article gave me a better insight on exactly how SNA’s help the artist in today’s world and exactly how to use them. I did not think that the major record labels had that big of an impact in the industry considering they would potentially hurt it if they were to disappear. On the other hand, it is pretty exciting to think that the industry is fair game nowadays rather than how it used to be.
Seeing how much has changed in the past 25 years is crazy that I wanted to see if there were any articles predicting how it will be in the future. Here is what I found: https://www.vibe.com/photos/10-ways-music-industry-changes-10-years.
Coleman Strauss
I found it interesting in this article about how much of the supply chain is owned by the same people. By using vertical integration, supply chain owners are able to increase their overall marketshare and reduce the costs of production. The music industry has changed so much in the past 25 years due to technology that the whole system has been restructured. Here is an article about how technology has changed the music industry. https://www.producerspot.com/how-technology-has-changed-the-music-industry
Shawn Garcia
This article is a great focus on today’s annual music industry supply chain and emphasizes old business models to compare with new business models. And what intrigued me the most was the discussion on the revolution in technology and how the social network analysis helps people within the music industry understand the competitive landscape or evolving technologies. Another point I found interesting was how important scenario planning really is. How scenario planning has forced organizations to adopt systems views of business and adapt to major changes in order to thrive and succeed. A “what if” scenario I found to be quite interesting in the article was the non existence of record companies and how musicians and artists would not really change as they would still push to be involved in the music industry, but “self manage” to a level deemed pretty difficult. Lawyers responsible for the artists would have to gain the responsibilities that the record companies would take care of if they did exist.
This article was very informative about the changes the music industry has underwent. While reading the article, one of the pieces that caught my interest was how iTunes played a big role in the Big threes joint ventures. Since digital music downloads were becoming the preferred way to listen to music, iTunes was the dominate player in the game. It’s intreating to me that iTunes had the power to make these companies lose lots of business or rather put them out if they got a major publishing company. Heres some more information about the history of iTunes : https://www.macworld.com/article/3019878/15-years-of-itunes-a-look-at-apples-media-app-and-its-influence-on-an-industry.html
Lucas Balboa
I find this article interesting because it talkes about the Big Three and how much they rely on Social Network Analysis and how it affects them in the long run. What really peaked my interest is when it brought up iTunes and how big it has gotten. The Big Three really can’t survive unless they have access to iTunes because it plays a big role in the streaming industry. What I want to know is why iTunes isn’t considered a major already if it’s already accounted for 70% worldwide online music sales? What more do you have to have to be considered a major in the music industry? Or will ITunes end up having an alliance with someone and help one major become the top of the business?
Heres a little info on how iTunes got started. https://www.lifewire.com/itunes-store-history-2438593
Jazmin Serna
This article was filled with so much valuable information that I didn’t even know existed. What I found really interesting is how the article explained that “By owning more parts of the supply chain, they can make even more profits by narrowing the costs of production.” This one quote helped to give me a good overview of what the article was about. Social networking was also a huge topic in this article and it was fascinating to learn how much calculation and strategy that goes into social networking in the music industry. Here’s an article that goes into specific instances where social media is impacting the music industry: https://econsultancy.com/the-impact-of-technology-and-social-media-on-the-music-industry/
Aaron Villarreal
After reading this article, it’s evident that the music industry has changed drastically over the past few decades. Just like we were discussing in class, what used to take a full team to do, an artist can do independently today. Back then, artists would have to go through every component through the chain of command to get their music released, but now with streaming apps like Spotify giving artists the opportunity to release their own music, they can reap the majority of the rewards without being dependent on labels. This article depicts in detail how Spotify gave artists the chance to be more free: https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/spotify-artists-direct-music-upload-726352/
This study did a wonderful job at explaining the importance of the artist while also portraying the economic dependency that the music industry has on the major labels in years past. As the industry continues to adapt to the new digital age, it will be interesting to see if a new label arises from the conglomerates that are currently dominating the industry, namely iTunes and Live Nation. Before major labels are able to control the distribution system of the internet, I believe that the easier distribution process will lead to and has already led to easier success of indie labels. This will likely encourage the popularization of genres that would have previously been considered niche genres, as we have seen several times since the birth of the record industry. This new generic direction of popular music, having emerged from the circumstances created by new technology, will also possibly lead to the development of new musical technology. I found this article on how technology has affected music production over the years.
This article was so interesting to read, I didn’t realize just how the creation of iTunes and Live Nation impacted the music industry. It is shocking to find out that Apple accounted for seventy percent of worldwide online digital record sales. However, I am not surprised because Apple is a household name. I didn’t realize that artist have the right to bypass their record labels and get their music put on iTunes. I still can’t figure out why Apple decided to shut iTunes down, but times are changing and digital streaming is very popular. It makes more sense to pay a set price a month and get unlimited music, instead of buying one song at a time. Here is an article that goes more indepth about iTunes going away, and where your already purchased and downloaded music from iTunes are going: https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/06/tech/apple-explains-itunes-changes-trnd/index.html
Savannah Simon
In this article, you’ll learn about the music industry supply chain and the history of it. The chain has changed significantly throughout the years due to reasons such as the evolution of technology. Social network analysis or SNA is talked about many times throughout the article and discusses how it suggests new methods for adapting to the new technology and competition. This article is complex but very informative. I had to read over a few sections again to try to fully understand what was being said but I gained a lot of information through reading it.
This article was filled with a lot of information about SNA which is basically like the mapping of different relationships that flow between many things like people, groups, and so on and so forth. They gave to us many examples such as charts and for me that is very usefully because I get a better understanding in that way. What I really liked is how that used the examples “iTunes” and “Amazon” which helped me get a better view especially which the charts because I was quit confused at first but once you read everything starts to makes sense and you are able to gain much knowledge about the music history supply chain and how it works.
Here is a link I found involving SNA https://nycdatascience.com/blog/student-works/social-network-analysis-with-scalable-user-behavior-scores-of-a-music-website/
Emilio Acevedo
One thing that stood out to me in this article was music printing in the 1500s. Within the Venetian period when paintings, sculptures, music, and literature flourished all because of the economic growth happening at the time. As I researched more into 1500s publication, I discovered that printing gave more access to literature, music and the arts.
You can learn more about printing in the 1500s in this timeline I found. https://www.prepressure.com/printing/history/1500-1599
Adam Garza
Though SNA being done has obviously been a more niche and recent measurement of these relations, the phenomenon itself has not. That being said, it is fascinating to see how the emergence of iTunes in the music distribution business has had such an effect on the music business as a whole. At time of publication, iTunes was still the primary service for music downloads and it is interesting to see how in just seven years the industry has made a shift away from file ownership to cloud-based subscription models. iTunes included, Apple announced within the past year that they will be shutting down many aspects of iTunes’ functionality and the way customers will ‘own’ their music. All of this is illustrative of the ever-changing music business while also beginning to describe the complex relationship of artists to consumers.
The section about iTunes potentially dominating and taking over the majors was interesting. I was never aware how impactful iTunes was, maybe because I never used it. People can put their music up for sale on iTunes and never have to rely on Record Labels to put up content for them. We see many alliances between huge companies like Sony and UMG or Youtube and Google. These alliances make them feel safe from potential threats that can put an end to the majors.
I read an article by NPR that announces the “death” of iTunes. Apple is apparently getting rid of it and making it into 3 separate apps: music, podcasts and tv streaming.
“iTunes will continue as a music store, but the new music app will be more closely aligned with Apple’s music-streaming service.” https://www.npr.org/2019/06/03/729290123/itunes-death-is-all-about-how-we-listen-to-music-today
I more so agree that the “Property Right Theory” approach is more logical than “Transaction Cost Theory” simply for the lack of need to compromise. The producer and supplier being separate entities, I believe allows more room for creative to have some form of creative freedom. With Transaction Cost Theory being most popular in recent times, I think it’s safe to say that it draws in more conflict. Transaction Cost Theory is essentially looking for an exchange, it’s stripping the freedoms that could’ve come with Property Right Theory. Either way, both are risky, but the cost that lies within both theories can be more reasonable economically while leading to an efficient market.
Estefania Bermudez
I had no idea iTunes came and created such a shock in the cultural industry. Seeing that I was very young at the time, the boom of iTunes was amazing for the consumer since you had such accessibility to music. But it did not come to mind that it was such a big problem for major labels since artist could bypass them and start selling their music right on iTunes. Not even a few years later there was a new technological advancement which became streaming and it changed the game. How did it affect iTunes in the end? https://www.npr.org/2019/06/03/729290123/itunes-death-is-all-about-how-we-listen-to-music-today
Shawn Horne
This article brought to my attention how smaller companies are once again the innovators in music. This is across the spectrum from retail and manufacturing to artist relations. New technologies and the fact that large companies failed to be forward thinking were the cause of the shift to smaller businesses becoming the innovation leaders and because of their innovations some may become the large music companies in the near future. Linked below is an article regarding trends in start ups that I found interesting:
This article highlights the importance of networking and how people have had to adapt to the ever-growing ways of technology. It also shows how the more things you invest in or take ownership of, like a particular genre of music, the more leverage you have in the industry. These all somehow contribute to the Social Network Analysis. It shows that more ties between the artist and an outside contributor help them to become successful. More ties means more exposure, therefore the artist can then continue more independently than with a label. Because I was born in a day and age of already increasing technology, it was interesting to learn that labels feel threatened by popular streaming platforms like Spotify or Apple Music, which I use daily.
Here is an article I found that weighs the pros and cons of each available streaming service. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/best-music-streaming-service-of-2019/
Jose rodrigo barron esper
This article was about the many changes the music industry has endured through out the years and the recent development of social media. The analysis of these changes was mainly based on the SNA or the Social Network Analysis. SNA is a visual and mathematical representation. Of online interactions between individuals, groups, corporations, and other entities. There were many theoretical situation presented in the article, one which I found to be particularly intriguing was the instance of major record labels being put out of business and how it would be expected to result in a number of financial issues. The article also touched on different means replacing major labels, so I found a different article elaborating on what the benefits of being an independent artist would be vs. having a record deal.
The thing that I found the most interesting about this article was how in Scenario 1 the entire music industry would be affected without record labels. Because the major record labels are responsible for so much of what happens within the industry, I have never thought about what would happen if they were to disappear. While the duties of record labels would obviously have to be delegated elsewhere in order for the music industry to continue functioning, I thought it was interesting that the next in line would be the lawyers. I was also surprised to see that if record labels disappeared the entire music industry would be negatively impacted financially. Since major record labels typically focus on making as much money as possible off of the artists they represent, I thought that without record labels more money would be available for the artists themselves and the other people involved.
The article was quite insightful about the historical changes and evolution of the music industry’s supply chain. I found it fascinating how the SNA was used here in order to determine the trends and how the music industry’s supply chain has changed over time due to globalization. An interesting idea that stood out to me was how record companies are considered to be the backbone of all major recording labels, and that if they were to dissappear, artists and labels will become financially unstable. Here’s an article on how important the role of the record label plays in the industry and the artist’s life. : https://www.thebalancecareers.com/what-is-a-record-label-2460614
Carlos Garza
There was a lot of information in this article to go through but the one thing that stuck out the most to me was the topic covered of how drastically iTunes changed the music industry and how the industry has been able to develop and change since then because of this new technological development. This company adjusted to making money online rather than face to face, which also subsequently changed the normal way for music to be listened to as before artists made a majority of their money from live shows, but after the emergence of these streaming services, music presence has become more of an online aspect. This industry is constantly evolving and I can’t wait to see, and be a part of whatever changes it takes in the future. Below is an article of different music streaming services that have to compete with the current kings of the industry Spotify and Apple Music, and details over some of these services.
Music supply changes. Need lots of representation relations. That’s where networking comes into play. I learned about SNA the social network analysis this is the first I’m hearing of this and it’s pretty interesting. I liked the part where the author mentioned that that the social sciences play a part in networking. It makes senses that they would when all day long people have to have conversations with people which means they have to have good communication skills. Later along in the article, the author compares and contrast the modern and old fashioned music industry eras.
It’s no secret that the major labels are in control of the dominant industries, as explained in this article. The current availability of online resources however has put the odds in favor of independent artists to achieve success like never before. Social networking is not a few clicks away and very easy to do when you’re just starting to compete with major labels. I found one such website with tips and tools for music distribution and social networking techniques.
The music industry is constantly advancing and changing of course, and it claims that companies, firms, or artists that can adapt to these economic and technologic advances the fastest makes the difference in that entity thriving or just surviving. It highlights the importance of strategic planning and predetermining future changes, which I agree is a great business tactic that especially applies to the music industry. The link below focuses on those upcoming changes in the music industry from formats of music changing to the new ways artists can launch their careers.
Something that was interesting to me was when Live Nation was brought up, which got me thinking about Ticketmaster. Recently, both have been in the news headlines due to it being revealed that both would sell tickets to large, arena and stadium shows to ticket resell sites such as StubHub and VividSeats. They would do this to gain more money from ticket sales, despite often criticized due to extreme levels of modern day scalping. I would be interested on how that aspect would fit into this paper. Here is an article about such topic: https://www.ticketnews.com/2019/07/live-nation-admits-artists-scalp-own-tickets/
Recorded music is still a fairly new industry, but it still has a rather dense history of change. Music has been one of the most heavily impacted industries when it comes to the social media boom we’ve seen the past 15 years. Social media networks based around music have blown up and streaming services now offer millions of songs for only a few dollars a month. Every artist I’ve started listening to recently has been recommended to me on social media. My Dad told me a story about how him and his friends would just buy the album with the coolest album covers, and that’s how he got into Metallica. In that sense, SNA could be considered the new album cover.
This article explains the concept of Social Network Analysis, also known as SNA, and uses it to research and analyze the complex network of the music industry. Social Network Analysis is the mapping and measuring of relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, and other entities. The article relies on Social Network Analysis to understand the complicated system of the music industry because it provides both a visual and a mathematical analysis of human relationships and suggests new methods for coping with evolving technologies as well as the evolving complexity of a dynamic competitive landscape. You can learn more about Social Network Analysis at http://www.orgnet.com/sna.html.
I enjoyed my time with this article which explains the history of the analysis of the musical supply chain. It gives us a perspective about the social relationships the SNA (social networking analysis) uses for example, like the “property right theory.” The property right theory focuses on the different roles of assets that allocate the rights of control to emphasize the cost and benefits of the investment incentives. My favorite part of the article was the “What if” scenario if record companies suddenly disappeared. In the end, it talks about how if the majors were to disappear the whole supply chain of the industry would be pretty much impacted by all the financial issues that would occur. This would create more work for the artist and their lawyers involved to keep revenue coming but, all the promotion, distribution, and music publishing companies would end up being in a recession.
Here is a site/video that helps you learn a little bit more about the SNA (Social Network Analhsis)
https://youtu.be/xT3EpF2EsbQ (VIDEO)
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3205/social-network-analysis-sna (Site)
This article is about the history and the transformation of the supply chain of the music industry. Within this chain there are different aspects and a thing to know about a chain is that it isn’t straight forward. There are different loops and circles showing how everything is connected and if one thing was to be taken out there is a way for the chain to still function and develop.One part of the chain is the aspect of recorded music. I think what is important to state is that each part of the chain has a chain within itself. The recorded music part shows hows music is produced, then distributed, then how sales affect the product. Even within those few things about the recorded music there are chains.
Here is a link about the recorded music chain:
https://businessofclassicalmusic.blogspot.com/2008/12/thoughts-on-supply-chain-for-recorded.html
The article explains the history of the music supply chain. In these chain’s there are different strategies that are somewhat prolix. Upon that, SNA or known as Social Network Analysis, is the flow between the chains of people, organizations and etc. SNA focuses on the interruptions between the relationships made between the two parties.
Here is a link to know more about SNA:
https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/35208_Chapter1.pdf
My favorite section read within this article was about how iTunes is depicted as a threat to the Big Three record labels. It is depicted this way due to the fact that, nowadays, anyone can create their own music through applications such as Garageband and upload their music independently on iTunes or Apple Music to be streamed or purchased. This option seems more viable for artists rather than having to sign to a record label, however, this is not exclusive to Apple as Spotify is another site where independent artists can upload their music. Here is a video that explains how independent artists are using these sites and are receiving positive results as well as share their own experiences.
https://youtu.be/xu64slEGT4s
This article explains the history of musics supply chain and it was very interesting to read this perspective. From the outside we see these record labels as so massive, it is hard to imagine they would change anything. But the evolution of this system and our ever-changing technology keeps making it easier to increase ways of connections for artist. Now record labels have to adapt to these changes and almost mold to the artist because a lot of musicians like the idea of being independent and with new outlets like iTunes or Spotify it only makes the it more appealing. This article showed how in the past the revenue of music relied heavily on live performances and I found that interesting because in this generation it seems like music technology/ streaming sites makes music such an online concept. By this I mean Apple Music, Spotify and Soundcloud seem to be where a lot of fans go or artist gain support rather than doing this from a live show. This article talks about how artist can market themselves digitally as an independent. https://trendjackers.com/how-social-media-has-affected-the-music-industry/
An interesting focus on this reading was the fact that the emergence of iTunes and Live Nation completely changed the way music business has been conducted. These major companies were used to a consistent pattern on how to work with artists (and win most of the profit) have been adjusting to a mostly online world. Because companies like Live Nation and iTunes completely changed the game, I decided to do a little bit more reading on the start of iTunes. I found a press release from 2003 that announced the launch of iTunes. Steve jobs lets the audience know there are rights to burn an unlimited number of CDs for personal use, listen on iPods, the Macintosh computer, and the Mac at just 99 cents a song with no subscription fees. Steve Job says “Consumers don’t want to be treated like criminals and artists don’t want their valuable work to be stolen. The iTunes Music Store offers a groundbreaking solution for both.” I remember when iTunes first became popular and how much I looked forward to spending my allowance on some new songs. I love the way we’ve seen iTunes transform into so much more ever the years and it’s exciting to see something so different from the traditional way of artists becoming known.
This article was a lot to digest, but somehow very interesting. What stood out to me the most was scenario 1, and how we see an emergence of new artist being independent or fighting to be independent. I think now people are more open to the challenges of not having the backing of a label, because of various reason, but the main reason being money and artistic freedom. I found an article that breaks down the more societal perspective of why we see this scenario beginning to play out in reality. https://www.forbes.com/sites/melissamdaniels/2019/07/10/for-independent-musicians-goingyour-own-way-is-finally-starting-to-pay-off/#9d7c15f14f26
The Historical Changes in the Music Industry Supply Chain article was a fascinating read. It shows the facts about the evolution of the musical supply chain. It also expands on SNA (social network analysis). I got a lot out of the Network Density section. Unless the network size is large, network density is not of any use. You should look at the degree of the vertex. I also appreciated reading how much Itunes is worth. Of course Itunes is owned by apple, therefore they own the highest demanded technology. Itunes has HUGE worth.
Here is a basic introductory breakdown of SNA : https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/35208_Chapter1.pdf
One thing that stuck out to me about this article was the social networking. As an eager producer and song writer, I know how important social networking is and the way it is analyzed in the article is more than useful.
Here’s an article I found with tips for social networking. https://seniornet.org/blog/11-tips-for-social-networking-safety/
Wow this reading gave me a lot to think about, but I’d like to focus here on the role of iTunes as it threatens the current business model of the “majors”. Personally, I didn’t know much about iTunes collaboration with Live Nation before looking further into it for this assignment. According to Apple Insider, the companies have teamed up on a new live music program that will allow users to experience exclusive recordings from live venues of their favorite artist shows. By aligning themselves with Live Nation and sister company, Ticketmaster, Apple is making strides toward becoming another ‘mammoth conglomerate’ missing only a publishing source.
https://appleinsider.com/articles/09/11/24/apple_and_live_nation_debut_itunes_live_music_program
I have seen many articles regarding this topic and agree that Apple and Live Nation is taking over the music industry. I wondered if Spotify was the same and figured out that they took an aggregate approach to match sales. I think if we considered this as well, we won’t generalize streaming too much. https://www.cnbc.com/2015/11/04/does-spotify-hurt-the-music-industry.html
This article is very informative on the SNA ( social network analysis). This show charts of artist and record label and so much more and how everything connects. It shows how relationship are from person A to person B through the arrows and it is like a flow chart. But if i am correct this chart is 2012 so at this time this chart would changing by significantly because now today artist can go straight to many route that they weren’t able to.
website :
https://adage.com/article/agencies/2018-music-business/311771
The Venetian merchants pioneered the music industry business but licensing sheet music to be printed and sold at other shops. In this volume it should the supply chain of music becoming more fluid as it moves from traditional to an online model. The artist and consumer are becoming closer in the supply chain where with the online model the artist can bypass steps that weren’t otherwise possible in the traditional model.
this article has educational graphics of what steps get bypassed in the online model. –> https://blogs.anderson.ucla.edu/global-supply-chain/2015/08/disintermediation-in-the-recorded-music-supply-chain.html
I knew to some extant that the big three was real but I never knew how much power they had on the industry. This reading was breath taking to say the least, it was a lot of material to take in but it help bring things full circle. It is also crazy to think that such big companies were somewhat intimidated by the new wave of social media. these companies bought the music scene for whole countries, and even some genres. That is what I found breath taking and wanted to find a way to control the social media scene if they just understood it better.
Here is a link that shows just a quick view of what sublabels and artist Warner bros own.
https://www.discogs.com/label/1000-Warner-Bros-Records
This article provided a very in depth insight of the interactions in the industry and an extremely detailed perspective on SNAs. One detail that stood out to me was the sheer impact that record companies have on the industry. Although this fact may seem extremely obvious, I never fully realized the severity of the situation. This is obvious when discussing the development of labels, and how they had to shift to fit with the growing technological advancements, and how they are reacting to a more digitally favored audience. I wanted to look more into the interaction between advancing technology and the Music industry, here is a good read:
https://medium.com/@estabnau/technologys-disruption-of-record-labels-and-the-market-for-recorded-music-a5c0eb0cfeff
This article provided an abundance of information but the part I found most interesting was the breakdown of the social network analysis method. Staying up to date with evolving technologies is not an easy task, but through analyzing ties among people, groups, and organizations, this helps us to understand attitudes and behaviors of the way of the modern social relations.
Here is a short video further explaining social network analysis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xT3EpF2EsbQ
The social network analysis method really does help us understand what is going on through the connections. The video you have included really broke everything down and helped me understand them more!
Before this article, I did not know anything about SNA’s. Reading this, I now know what exactly has changed through the industry and the changes record labels had to adapt to. This article gave me a better insight on exactly how SNA’s help the artist in today’s world and exactly how to use them. I did not think that the major record labels had that big of an impact in the industry considering they would potentially hurt it if they were to disappear. On the other hand, it is pretty exciting to think that the industry is fair game nowadays rather than how it used to be.
Seeing how much has changed in the past 25 years is crazy that I wanted to see if there were any articles predicting how it will be in the future. Here is what I found:
https://www.vibe.com/photos/10-ways-music-industry-changes-10-years.
I found it interesting in this article about how much of the supply chain is owned by the same people. By using vertical integration, supply chain owners are able to increase their overall marketshare and reduce the costs of production. The music industry has changed so much in the past 25 years due to technology that the whole system has been restructured. Here is an article about how technology has changed the music industry. https://www.producerspot.com/how-technology-has-changed-the-music-industry
This article is a great focus on today’s annual music industry supply chain and emphasizes old business models to compare with new business models. And what intrigued me the most was the discussion on the revolution in technology and how the social network analysis helps people within the music industry understand the competitive landscape or evolving technologies. Another point I found interesting was how important scenario planning really is. How scenario planning has forced organizations to adopt systems views of business and adapt to major changes in order to thrive and succeed. A “what if” scenario I found to be quite interesting in the article was the non existence of record companies and how musicians and artists would not really change as they would still push to be involved in the music industry, but “self manage” to a level deemed pretty difficult. Lawyers responsible for the artists would have to gain the responsibilities that the record companies would take care of if they did exist.
Here is a link on more information about the revolution of technology in the music industry.
https://musicedmasters.kent.edu/the-digitization-of-the-music-industry/
Here is a link on more information about what record companies actually do for an artist.
https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2012/feb/02/behind-music-record-labels
This article was very informative about the changes the music industry has underwent. While reading the article, one of the pieces that caught my interest was how iTunes played a big role in the Big threes joint ventures. Since digital music downloads were becoming the preferred way to listen to music, iTunes was the dominate player in the game. It’s intreating to me that iTunes had the power to make these companies lose lots of business or rather put them out if they got a major publishing company. Heres some more information about the history of iTunes : https://www.macworld.com/article/3019878/15-years-of-itunes-a-look-at-apples-media-app-and-its-influence-on-an-industry.html
I find this article interesting because it talkes about the Big Three and how much they rely on Social Network Analysis and how it affects them in the long run. What really peaked my interest is when it brought up iTunes and how big it has gotten. The Big Three really can’t survive unless they have access to iTunes because it plays a big role in the streaming industry. What I want to know is why iTunes isn’t considered a major already if it’s already accounted for 70% worldwide online music sales? What more do you have to have to be considered a major in the music industry? Or will ITunes end up having an alliance with someone and help one major become the top of the business?
Heres a little info on how iTunes got started.
https://www.lifewire.com/itunes-store-history-2438593
This article was filled with so much valuable information that I didn’t even know existed. What I found really interesting is how the article explained that “By owning more parts of the supply chain, they can make even more profits by narrowing the costs of production.” This one quote helped to give me a good overview of what the article was about. Social networking was also a huge topic in this article and it was fascinating to learn how much calculation and strategy that goes into social networking in the music industry. Here’s an article that goes into specific instances where social media is impacting the music industry:
https://econsultancy.com/the-impact-of-technology-and-social-media-on-the-music-industry/
After reading this article, it’s evident that the music industry has changed drastically over the past few decades. Just like we were discussing in class, what used to take a full team to do, an artist can do independently today. Back then, artists would have to go through every component through the chain of command to get their music released, but now with streaming apps like Spotify giving artists the opportunity to release their own music, they can reap the majority of the rewards without being dependent on labels. This article depicts in detail how Spotify gave artists the chance to be more free: https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/spotify-artists-direct-music-upload-726352/
This study did a wonderful job at explaining the importance of the artist while also portraying the economic dependency that the music industry has on the major labels in years past. As the industry continues to adapt to the new digital age, it will be interesting to see if a new label arises from the conglomerates that are currently dominating the industry, namely iTunes and Live Nation. Before major labels are able to control the distribution system of the internet, I believe that the easier distribution process will lead to and has already led to easier success of indie labels. This will likely encourage the popularization of genres that would have previously been considered niche genres, as we have seen several times since the birth of the record industry. This new generic direction of popular music, having emerged from the circumstances created by new technology, will also possibly lead to the development of new musical technology. I found this article on how technology has affected music production over the years.
https://tech.co/news/music-production-evolution-2016-01
This article was so interesting to read, I didn’t realize just how the creation of iTunes and Live Nation impacted the music industry. It is shocking to find out that Apple accounted for seventy percent of worldwide online digital record sales. However, I am not surprised because Apple is a household name. I didn’t realize that artist have the right to bypass their record labels and get their music put on iTunes. I still can’t figure out why Apple decided to shut iTunes down, but times are changing and digital streaming is very popular. It makes more sense to pay a set price a month and get unlimited music, instead of buying one song at a time. Here is an article that goes more indepth about iTunes going away, and where your already purchased and downloaded music from iTunes are going: https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/06/tech/apple-explains-itunes-changes-trnd/index.html
In this article, you’ll learn about the music industry supply chain and the history of it. The chain has changed significantly throughout the years due to reasons such as the evolution of technology. Social network analysis or SNA is talked about many times throughout the article and discusses how it suggests new methods for adapting to the new technology and competition. This article is complex but very informative. I had to read over a few sections again to try to fully understand what was being said but I gained a lot of information through reading it.
Here’s an article that talks about how the way we listen to music has changed the supply chains in the industry: https://medium.com/@justinhilliard/steve-jobs-didnt-get-it-right-the-future-of-the-music-industry-61e53c87564e
This article was filled with a lot of information about SNA which is basically like the mapping of different relationships that flow between many things like people, groups, and so on and so forth. They gave to us many examples such as charts and for me that is very usefully because I get a better understanding in that way. What I really liked is how that used the examples “iTunes” and “Amazon” which helped me get a better view especially which the charts because I was quit confused at first but once you read everything starts to makes sense and you are able to gain much knowledge about the music history supply chain and how it works.
Here is a link I found involving SNA
https://nycdatascience.com/blog/student-works/social-network-analysis-with-scalable-user-behavior-scores-of-a-music-website/
One thing that stood out to me in this article was music printing in the 1500s. Within the Venetian period when paintings, sculptures, music, and literature flourished all because of the economic growth happening at the time. As I researched more into 1500s publication, I discovered that printing gave more access to literature, music and the arts.
You can learn more about printing in the 1500s in this timeline I found. https://www.prepressure.com/printing/history/1500-1599
Though SNA being done has obviously been a more niche and recent measurement of these relations, the phenomenon itself has not. That being said, it is fascinating to see how the emergence of iTunes in the music distribution business has had such an effect on the music business as a whole. At time of publication, iTunes was still the primary service for music downloads and it is interesting to see how in just seven years the industry has made a shift away from file ownership to cloud-based subscription models. iTunes included, Apple announced within the past year that they will be shutting down many aspects of iTunes’ functionality and the way customers will ‘own’ their music. All of this is illustrative of the ever-changing music business while also beginning to describe the complex relationship of artists to consumers.
Because Apple is so secretive, attached are three news articles describing, vaguely, of how iTunes’ death will be carried out.
https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8514691/apple-itunes-shutdown-whats-really-going-on
https://www.consumerreports.org/music/itunes-shutting-down/
https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/04/apple-is-shutting-down-itunesheres-what-will-happen-to-your-music.html
The section about iTunes potentially dominating and taking over the majors was interesting. I was never aware how impactful iTunes was, maybe because I never used it. People can put their music up for sale on iTunes and never have to rely on Record Labels to put up content for them. We see many alliances between huge companies like Sony and UMG or Youtube and Google. These alliances make them feel safe from potential threats that can put an end to the majors.
I read an article by NPR that announces the “death” of iTunes. Apple is apparently getting rid of it and making it into 3 separate apps: music, podcasts and tv streaming.
“iTunes will continue as a music store, but the new music app will be more closely aligned with Apple’s music-streaming service.”
https://www.npr.org/2019/06/03/729290123/itunes-death-is-all-about-how-we-listen-to-music-today
I more so agree that the “Property Right Theory” approach is more logical than “Transaction Cost Theory” simply for the lack of need to compromise. The producer and supplier being separate entities, I believe allows more room for creative to have some form of creative freedom. With Transaction Cost Theory being most popular in recent times, I think it’s safe to say that it draws in more conflict. Transaction Cost Theory is essentially looking for an exchange, it’s stripping the freedoms that could’ve come with Property Right Theory. Either way, both are risky, but the cost that lies within both theories can be more reasonable economically while leading to an efficient market.
I had no idea iTunes came and created such a shock in the cultural industry. Seeing that I was very young at the time, the boom of iTunes was amazing for the consumer since you had such accessibility to music. But it did not come to mind that it was such a big problem for major labels since artist could bypass them and start selling their music right on iTunes. Not even a few years later there was a new technological advancement which became streaming and it changed the game. How did it affect iTunes in the end? https://www.npr.org/2019/06/03/729290123/itunes-death-is-all-about-how-we-listen-to-music-today
This article brought to my attention how smaller companies are once again the innovators in music. This is across the spectrum from retail and manufacturing to artist relations. New technologies and the fact that large companies failed to be forward thinking were the cause of the shift to smaller businesses becoming the innovation leaders and because of their innovations some may become the large music companies in the near future. Linked below is an article regarding trends in start ups that I found interesting:
https://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2019/02/5-music-startup-trends-to-follow-in-2019.html
This article highlights the importance of networking and how people have had to adapt to the ever-growing ways of technology. It also shows how the more things you invest in or take ownership of, like a particular genre of music, the more leverage you have in the industry. These all somehow contribute to the Social Network Analysis. It shows that more ties between the artist and an outside contributor help them to become successful. More ties means more exposure, therefore the artist can then continue more independently than with a label. Because I was born in a day and age of already increasing technology, it was interesting to learn that labels feel threatened by popular streaming platforms like Spotify or Apple Music, which I use daily.
Here is an article I found that weighs the pros and cons of each available streaming service.
https://www.cnet.com/how-to/best-music-streaming-service-of-2019/
This article was about the many changes the music industry has endured through out the years and the recent development of social media. The analysis of these changes was mainly based on the SNA or the Social Network Analysis. SNA is a visual and mathematical representation. Of online interactions between individuals, groups, corporations, and other entities. There were many theoretical situation presented in the article, one which I found to be particularly intriguing was the instance of major record labels being put out of business and how it would be expected to result in a number of financial issues. The article also touched on different means replacing major labels, so I found a different article elaborating on what the benefits of being an independent artist would be vs. having a record deal.
https://jagmmp.com/music_articles/record_deal_or_independent_artist.html
The thing that I found the most interesting about this article was how in Scenario 1 the entire music industry would be affected without record labels. Because the major record labels are responsible for so much of what happens within the industry, I have never thought about what would happen if they were to disappear. While the duties of record labels would obviously have to be delegated elsewhere in order for the music industry to continue functioning, I thought it was interesting that the next in line would be the lawyers. I was also surprised to see that if record labels disappeared the entire music industry would be negatively impacted financially. Since major record labels typically focus on making as much money as possible off of the artists they represent, I thought that without record labels more money would be available for the artists themselves and the other people involved.
Here is an article that talks about how the music industry is expected to change even more in the next ten years:
https://www.vibe.com/photos/10-ways-music-industry-changes-10-years
The article was quite insightful about the historical changes and evolution of the music industry’s supply chain. I found it fascinating how the SNA was used here in order to determine the trends and how the music industry’s supply chain has changed over time due to globalization. An interesting idea that stood out to me was how record companies are considered to be the backbone of all major recording labels, and that if they were to dissappear, artists and labels will become financially unstable. Here’s an article on how important the role of the record label plays in the industry and the artist’s life. : https://www.thebalancecareers.com/what-is-a-record-label-2460614
There was a lot of information in this article to go through but the one thing that stuck out the most to me was the topic covered of how drastically iTunes changed the music industry and how the industry has been able to develop and change since then because of this new technological development. This company adjusted to making money online rather than face to face, which also subsequently changed the normal way for music to be listened to as before artists made a majority of their money from live shows, but after the emergence of these streaming services, music presence has become more of an online aspect. This industry is constantly evolving and I can’t wait to see, and be a part of whatever changes it takes in the future. Below is an article of different music streaming services that have to compete with the current kings of the industry Spotify and Apple Music, and details over some of these services.
https://www.digitaltrends.com/music/best-music-streaming-services/
Music supply changes. Need lots of representation relations. That’s where networking comes into play. I learned about SNA the social network analysis this is the first I’m hearing of this and it’s pretty interesting. I liked the part where the author mentioned that that the social sciences play a part in networking. It makes senses that they would when all day long people have to have conversations with people which means they have to have good communication skills. Later along in the article, the author compares and contrast the modern and old fashioned music industry eras.
click this link to learn more about Music industry supply change: http://learningwithlarry.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Transformation-of-the-Industry-Supply-Chain-A-major-Label-Perspective.pdf
It’s no secret that the major labels are in control of the dominant industries, as explained in this article. The current availability of online resources however has put the odds in favor of independent artists to achieve success like never before. Social networking is not a few clicks away and very easy to do when you’re just starting to compete with major labels. I found one such website with tips and tools for music distribution and social networking techniques.
https://source.nationwidedisc.com/the-price-of-hits-how-can-independent-artists-compete-with-big-labels/
The music industry is constantly advancing and changing of course, and it claims that companies, firms, or artists that can adapt to these economic and technologic advances the fastest makes the difference in that entity thriving or just surviving. It highlights the importance of strategic planning and predetermining future changes, which I agree is a great business tactic that especially applies to the music industry. The link below focuses on those upcoming changes in the music industry from formats of music changing to the new ways artists can launch their careers.
https://trance.news/changes-music-industry/
Something that was interesting to me was when Live Nation was brought up, which got me thinking about Ticketmaster. Recently, both have been in the news headlines due to it being revealed that both would sell tickets to large, arena and stadium shows to ticket resell sites such as StubHub and VividSeats. They would do this to gain more money from ticket sales, despite often criticized due to extreme levels of modern day scalping. I would be interested on how that aspect would fit into this paper. Here is an article about such topic: https://www.ticketnews.com/2019/07/live-nation-admits-artists-scalp-own-tickets/
Recorded music is still a fairly new industry, but it still has a rather dense history of change. Music has been one of the most heavily impacted industries when it comes to the social media boom we’ve seen the past 15 years. Social media networks based around music have blown up and streaming services now offer millions of songs for only a few dollars a month. Every artist I’ve started listening to recently has been recommended to me on social media. My Dad told me a story about how him and his friends would just buy the album with the coolest album covers, and that’s how he got into Metallica. In that sense, SNA could be considered the new album cover.
Here’s an interesting article about how social media has affected the music industry – https://trendjackers.com/how-social-media-has-affected-the-music-industry/